7^th International Conference on Hepatology June 14-15, 2021 Osaka, Japan

Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is transmitted through activities that involve percutaneous or mucosal contact with infectious blood or body fluids. HBV can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still be capable of causing infection. The best way to prevent hepatitis B is by getting the hepatitis B vaccine. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of hepatitis B are due to the interaction of the virus and the host immune system, which lead to liver injury and potentially cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients can have either an acute symptomatic disease or an asymptomatic disease.

Hepatitis C is a devastating liver disease caused by Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which causes acute and chronic infection. In some cases, chronic hepatitis often leads to liver cancer or cirrhosis. Chronic Hepatitis causes liver damage and fibrosis, hepatomegaly, hepatocellular carcinoma.

HCV is a bloodborne virus transmitted due intravenous drug use, unsterilized medical equipment, from mother to baby during birth, sexual contact with infected person. HCV virus has no vaccine; therefore, prevention of virus prevalence is recommended.

Gastroenterology is the study of detailed understanding of the physiology of the gastrointestinal organs including the movement of material through the stomach and intestine the digestion and absorption of nutrients into the body, removal of waste from the system, and the function of the liver as a digestive organ.

Pancreas being a very close part to the liver helps to regulate sugar level in the body and also helps in many other functions. It is this part of the body that extremely helps in regulation of glucose level in the body.

The best way to prevent hepatitis is by getting the hepatitis vaccines. Vaccination is safe and effective, and it is recommended for all. Efforts to develop a hepatitis C vaccine started more than 20 years ago, when the hepatitis C virus was identified. The hepatitis C virus is more variable than are the viruses that cause hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Hepatitis C virus occurs in at least six genetically distinct forms with 50 subtypes. A global vaccine would have to protect against all these variants of the virus.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated resistant reaction to have intestinal microflora. The two major types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease are ulcerative colitis (UC), which is confined to the colonic mucosa, and Crohn’s diseases (CD), which can impact any system of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the butt, incorporates "skip sores," and is transmural. There is a hereditary inclination for IBD, and patients with this condition are more inclined to the development of malignancy.

Gastrointestinal Radiology or GI Imaging utilizes a state of constant x-beam called fluoroscopy and a barium-based separate texture to make photos of the stomach, throat, digestive tract and other parts of stomach related structure. It is secure, non-invasive, and may be habituated to benefit absolutely destructive reflux, analyze torment, blood in the stool & other side effects. Computed tomography now permits the comprehensive assessment of abdominal and pelvic inflammatory and infectious processes, obstruction, tumor identification and staging, and show of vasculature and obtuse injury impacts. Barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract, enteroclysis for small-bowel assessment, and conventional radiography still have a role, regardless of the broad utilization of fibreoptic endoscopy. Fluoroscopy is as yet significant; however extraordinary advances in innovations have changed gastrointestinal radiology unavoidably

Screening for Liver diseases has been advocated with the intention of intervening to halt its progression. Abnormal liver tests are those that measure synthesis of proteins made by the liver (albumin, clotting factors) or the liver's capacity to metabolize drugs. The impact of diagnosis of hepatitis C virus on quality of life is worse in patients aware of their viral status compared with individuals unaware of their viral status.

The liver is the largest gland in the body and conducts a myriad of vital metabolic and excretory functions. In addition, by virtue of its circulatory relationship to the absorptive surface of the gastrointestinal tract, the liver is the initial site where ingested nutrients, and other substances entering via the gastrointestinal tract, such as drugs and bacterial metabolites, are processed by the body. Thus, the liver is a gatekeeper that can process useful substances while detoxifying orally absorbed substances that are potentially harmful, such as toxic xenobiotics.

Liver is responsible for many critical functions within the body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. If it becomes diseased or injured, the loss of those functions can cause significant damage to the body. There are over 100 different forms of liver disease that affect men, women, and children. These diseases include cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, Epstein Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and iron overload (hemochromatosis). The main symptoms of liver imbalance include weakness and fatigue, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and yellow discoloration of the skin (jaundice).

The use of herbal products as medications has its origin thousands of years ago. In Western countries, herbal medicine products are gaining increasing popularity. Some herbal products may potentially benefit people with liver disease.

Several disorders contribute to liver disease in pregnancy such as acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP), hyperemesis gravidarum and hemolysis and elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Liver disease such as acute viral hepatitis can occur in pregnancy and pregnancy may occur in a patient with underlying chronic liver disease including patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and patients who have undergone liver transplantation.

Non-viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by toxins, drugs, or other harmful chemicals that destroy cells in the liver (Hepatocytes).  Acute hepatitis damages hepatocytes make up 70-85% of the total mass of the liver. The disease is a growing problem due to the increasing number of dietary supplements with liver side effects. If hepatitis leads to liver failure, a liver transplant is the only treatment option that can improve survival.

Liver transplantation surgery technique to replace a diseased or injured liver with a healthy liver delivered from a healthy person. The liver is involved in various metabolic functioning including metabolism of drugs and toxins, removing degradation products of normal body metabolism (for example clearance of ammonia and bilirubin from the blood), and synthesis of many important proteins and enzymes (such as factors necessary for blood to clot). Doctors or surgeons suggest liver transplant surgery to the patients who suffer from severe Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or Chronic liver failure. This surgery carries a risk of other complications including infection, liver inflammation, blood clots, liver rejection, and memory thinking problems.

The esophagus is the solid cylinder that conveys nourishment and fluids from your mouth to the stomach. You may not be aware of your esophagus until you swallow something excessively enormous, excessively hot, or excessively cold. You may likewise see it when something isn't right. You may feel torment or experience difficulty gulping. The most well-known issue with the throat is GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). With GERD, a muscle at the end of your esophagus doesn't close appropriately. This permits stomach contents to spill back, or reflux, into the throat and aggravate it. After some time, GERD can make harm the throat. Different issues incorporate acid reflux, malignant growth, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Specialists may utilize different tests to make a diagnosis. These include imaging tests, an upper endoscopy, and a biopsy. Treatment relies upon the issue; a few issues improve with over-the-counter medications or changes in diet. Others may require physician recommended medicines or medical procedure.

Gastrointestinal maladies allude to sicknesses including the gastrointestinal tract, to be specific the throat, stomach, small digestive tract, internal organ and rectum, and the adornment organs of ingestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Gastrointestinal issue incorporates such conditions as obstructing, irritable inside clutter, hemorrhoids, butt-centric gaps, perianal abscesses, butt-centric fistulas, perianal contaminations, diverticular sicknesses, colitis, colon polyps and infection. Enormous quantities of these can be envisioned or constrained by keeping up a sound lifestyle, practicing extraordinary entrail inclinations, and submitting to tumor screening.

Hepato-pancreato-biliary disease alludes to any condition that influences the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and the bile ducts. These ailments usually share some indications or side effects, for example, jaundice, darker urine colour, and lighter stool colour. While some have hereditary or inherited causes, most are because of chronic damage to the tissues of the organs involved. These conditions are dealt with and managed by hepatologists, hepato-pancreato-biliary oncologists, and transplant specialists

Gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the essential complaints of the patients which could be interminable, mellow or deadly. Most of the conditions, GI bleeding are contained without anyone else's input, yet they are are anyway evaluated to keep up a strategic distance from a repeat and to stay away from advance movement of sickness, expecting any. Gastrointestinal pathology (including liver, gallbladder and pancreas) is a perceived sub-specialty discipline of surgical pathology. Acknowledgment of a sub-specialty is commonly identified with dedicated fellowship training offered within the subspecialty or, on the other hand, to surgical pathologists with an extraordinary intrigue and broad involvement with gastrointestinal pathology. The gastrointestinal (GI) pathology decides quality indicative histopathology on gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies and resections of the gastrointestinal and pancreatico-biliary systems

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Gastroenterology provides a full range of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures which includes diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP for pancreatitis pathologies (papillotomy, stone extraction, stricture dilation and stenting, lithotripsy, peroral choledochoscopy and pancreatoscopy), endoscopic ultrasonography which include fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy and target treatment. Other advanced methods including therapy for Barrett’s esophagus and early cancer including radiofrequency ablation, cyrotherapy and endoscopic mucosal resection. A portion of these diagnostic tools must be sterilized before using since they go about way for infection transmission